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The Taliban and antigovernment elements continued to engage in indiscriminate use of force, attacking and killing villagers, foreigners, and NGO workers in attacks and with car bombs and suicide bombs. Women could expect to bear on average 5.

In citizens voted in their second contested presidential election. The IEC declared Prostitutes Chardara president for a second term, after his challenger, Abdullah Abdullah, withdrew from a runoff election. The elections were similarly marred by allegations of widespread fraud.

Country Reports on Human Rights Practices

Political Prostitutes Chardara : Negative associations with violent militia groups and Prostitutes Chardara former communist regime, as well as allegations of persistent corruption and inefficiency, led many citizens to view political parties with suspicion. The Party Law requires parties to have at least 10, members from a minimum of 22 provinces. After parliament passed the law inmany political parties complained that they had very little time to complete the registration process in advance of the parliamentary elections.

The National Democratic Institute reported that a number of Prostitutes Chardara alleged that the Ministry of Justice, responsible for the registration of political parties, engaged in fraud and treated parties unequally.

Portal:Current events/December 2019

Political parties were not always able to conduct activities throughout the country, particularly in regions where antigovernment violence affected overall security. Violence against participants in the political party system was common, Prostitutes Chardara during nonelection periods. As of August 18, there were 56 political parties registered with Prostitutes Chardara Ministry of Justice.

During a nationwide review of provincial political party offices during the year, the Ministry of Justice found various political parties not in compliance with the regulation but did not publicly announce the deregistration of any party.

Smaller parties Prostitutes Chardara fewer resources complained that Prostitutes Chardara new regulation unfairly targeted them. Participation of Women and Minorities Prostitutes Chardara The constitution provides for seats for women and minorities in both houses of parliament. The constitution provides for at least 68 female delegates in the lower house of the national assembly, while 10 seats are provided for the Kuchi minority.

According to the constitution, the president should appoint one-third of the members of the upper house, including two members with physical disabilities and two Kuchis. One seat in the upper house is reserved for the appointment of a Sikh or Prostitutes Chardara representative.

On September 4, President Karzai issued a presidential decree reserving Prostitutes Chardara seat in the lower house for a Sikh or Hindu in the next parliamentary elections in The legislatively mandated quota system provides for women to constitute more than 25 percent of the lower house of parliament. Exceeding the quota, women held 27 percent of seats in the lower Prostitutes Chardara. Women active in public life continued to face Prostitutes Chardara of threats and violence and were the targets of attacks by the Taliban and other insurgent groups.

Most female parliamentarians reportedly experienced some kind of threat or intimidation, and many believed that the state could not or would not protect them.

MOWA, the primary government agency responsible for addressing gender policy and the needs of women, had offices in all provinces and established gender units in all ministries.

In August Fariba Kakar, a female member of parliament, was kidnapped at gunpoint in Prostitutes Chardara and released in exchange for Taliban fighters one month later. Female members of Prostitutes Chardara High Peace Council continued to face impediments in participating in major decision making related to the peace process and were excluded from council Prostitutes Chardara on some foreign visits. The Pashtun ethnic group had more seats than any other ethnic group in both houses of parliament but did not have more than 50 percent of the seats.

There was no evidence that specific societal groups were excluded. There were Prostitutes Chardara laws preventing minorities from participating in political life, although different ethnic groups complained that they did not have equal access to local government jobs in provinces where they were a minority.

The law provides criminal penalties for official corruption. The government did not implement the law effectively, and there were reports that officials frequently engaged in corrupt Prostitutes Chardara with impunity. There were some reports of low-profile corruption cases successfully tried at the provincial level. The department had been considered effective in Prostitutes Chardara with corruption within the judiciary in the districts and provinces. Reports indicated corruption was endemic Prostitutes Chardara society, and flows of money from the military, international donors, and the drug trade continued to exacerbate the problem.

Reports indicated that many Afghans believed the government had not been effective in combating corruption. Corruption and uneven governance continued to play a significant role Prostitutes Chardara allowing the Taliban to maintain its foothold in the east-central part of the country Prostitutes Chardara five provinces surrounding Kabul and maintain influence in some parts of the southern provinces. There were also reports of money being paid to Prostitutes Chardara prison sentences, halt an investigation, or have charges dismissed outright.

The practice of criminalizing civil complaints was commonly used Prostitutes Chardara settle business disputes or extort money from wealthy international investors. Other reports indicated Prostitutes Chardara government officials grabbed land without compensation in order to swap the Prostitutes Chardara for contracts or political favors.

Occasionally, provincial governments Prostitutes Chardara confiscated land without due process or compensation to build public facilities. The conviction on breach of trust, however, did not allow authorities to confiscate assets or impose any penalties for failure to repay the funds. The remaining 19 persons accused in the case, including minor bank officials Prostitutes Chardara public officials, were convicted and sentenced to prison terms and fines that were Prostitutes Chardara considered disproportionately heavy in comparison with the sentences received by Prostitutes Chardara and Ferozi.

Provincial police benefited financially Prostitutes Chardara corruption at police checkpoints and from the narcotics industry. It was reported that ANP officers paid higher-level Ministry of Interior officials for their positions and to secure promotions. The Prostitutes Chardara system rarely pursued corruption cases, especially if they involved police, although authorities arrested and detained a provincial chief of police on drug trafficking charges.

During the year the minister of interior also removed more than 40 police officers on charges of corruption, poor performance, and abuse of power, reportedly following a month investigation. In addition to official impunity issues, low salaries exacerbated government corruption. The international community worked with the national and provincial governance structures to address the problem of low salaries, but implementation of grade reform remained slow.

Truck drivers complained that they had to pay bribes to security forces, insurgents, and bandits to allow their trucks to pass. Police also reportedly extorted bribes from civilians in exchange for release from prison or to avoid arrest. Citizens also paid bribes to corrections and detention officials for the release of prisoners who had not been discharged at the end of their sentences.

The government made efforts to combat corruption within the security apparatus. Before the elections, the Ministry of Interior trained and deployed provincial inspectors general, who remained on duty after the elections.

Their training continued. Merit-based promotion boards continued, with at least three candidates competing for each job; the process of instituting pay reform and electronic funds transfer for police salaries also continued.

Overall, the oversight office continued to be ineffective, with reports of corruption Prostitutes Chardara the office itself.

Governors with reported involvement in the drug trade or records of human rights violations reportedly continued to receive executive appointments and served with relative impunity. The media reported that the Afghanistan Chamber of Prostitutes Chardara and Industry established the first association for accountants and auditors in the country to improve transparency in financial systems and Prostitutes Chardara corruption. Whistleblower Protection : The penal code establishes protections for whistleblowers who report official corruption by making Prostitutes Chardara a crime to either threaten or disclose the identity of the informant.

There was no evidence that these laws were being effectively implemented, however. Financial Disclosure : The HOO must collect information from senior government officials on all sources and levels of personal income.

The office must verify and publish the personal asset declarations of the most senior officials those covered under article of the constitution, plus provincial governors on Prostitutes Chardara internet website and in mass media that reach at least 40 percent of the public.

There is no legal penalty for any official who submits documentation with omissions or misrepresentations, undermining a key tool to identify possible wrongdoing. The government continued to make electronic direct deposits of police and military salaries and expanded a pilot project to pay police via mobile telephone in areas without banks, making salary payment a more transparent and accountable process and theoretically less subject to corruption.

Public Access to Information : The constitution provides citizens the right to access government information, except when access might violate the rights of others. Civil society and media representatives sought passage of Prostitutes Chardara law on freedom of access to information and worked with government officials to draft such laws. A wide variety of domestic and international human rights groups generally operated without government restriction, investigating and publishing their findings on human rights cases.

While government officials were somewhat cooperative and responsive to their views, there were cases in which government officials intimidated human rights groups. Human rights activists continued to express concern that war criminals and human rights abusers remained in positions of power Prostitutes Chardara the government. The lack of security and instability in parts of the country continued to affect NGO activities.

While Prostitutes Chardara groups Prostitutes Chardara the Taliban directly targeted NGOs during the year, the domestic NGO Safety Office reported a 17 percent decrease in NGO security incidents ina Prostitutes Chardara that appeared to continue during the year. Government Human Rights Bodies : The constitutionally mandated AIHRC Prostitutes Chardara to address human rights problems and operated with minimal government funding, relying almost exclusively on international donor Prostitutes Chardara.

The mutual accountability framework agreed upon at the July Tokyo conference included provisions for expeditious enforcement of constitutional provisions and assurances that the AIHRC would be able to perform its appropriate Prostitutes Chardara.

Although President Karzai signed the Action Plan for Peace, Justice, and Reconciliation inthe action plan had yet Prostitutes Chardara be implemented, despite calls from civil society for transitional justice. In the Meshrano Jirga the upper house of parliamentthe Committee for Gender and Civil Society addresses human rights concerns.

While the constitution prohibits discrimination among citizens and Prostitutes Chardara for the equal rights of men and women, local customs and practices that discriminated against women prevailed in much of the country. The constitution does not explicitly Prostitutes Chardara equal rights based on race, disability, language, or social Prostitutes Chardara. There were reports of discrimination based on race, ethnicity, religion, and gender.

Although the situation of women marginally improved during the year, domestic and international gender experts considered the country very dangerous for women, and women routinely expressed concern that social, political, and economic gains would be lost in the post transition.

Pursuant to the Prostitutes Chardara, the Shia Personal Status Law governs family and marital issues for the approximately 19 percent of the population who are Shia. Although the law officially recognizes the Shia minority, the law does not adequately protect gender equality. Articles in the law of particular concern continued to be those on minimum age of marriage, polygyny, Prostitutes Chardara of inheritance, right of self-determination, freedom Prostitutes Chardara movement, sexual obligations, and guardianship.

Prostitutes Chardara and Domestic Violence : The EVAW law, which was put into effect by presidential decree, criminalizes violence against women, including rape, battery, or beating; child and forced marriage; humiliation; intimidation; and the refusal of food. The law punishes rape with 16 to 20 years in prison. If the act results in the death of the victim, the law provides for the death sentence for the perpetrator. Under the law rape does not include spousal rape.

The law was not widely understood, and some in the public and the religious communities deemed the law un-Islamic. This inadvertently led to the conservative male majority arguing against the law by saying the protections for women were un-Islamic. The AIHRC, justice implementers, and civil society continued to make efforts to increase awareness of the law, despite the controversy.

There was limited political will Prostitutes Chardara implement the law, however, and authorities continued to Prostitutes Chardara to enforce it properly and successfully.

According to a survey by Prostitutes Chardara Asia Foundation, fewer than one in five Prostitutes Chardara said that an organization, institution, or authority existed in their area where women could go to have their problems resolved, while more than three-quarters said that there Prostitutes Chardara no such organization in their area.

Women who sought assistance under the EVAW law in case of rape often were subjected to virginity tests and in some instances had their cases converted into adultery cases.

Interpretations Prostitutes Chardara sharia also impeded successful prosecution of rape cases. Some female leaders believed that revisions and improvements to the EVAW law were needed, while others Prostitutes Chardara primarily focused on implementation and enforcement. As of August 1, there were 1, complaints registered with Violence against Women VAW prosecution units for crimes under the EVAW law, indicating a significant increase during the year compared with the approximately 1, cases registered in The vast majority of complaints brought under the EVAW law were resolved through family mediation.

Prosecutors and judges in some remote provinces were unaware of the EVAW law, and others were subject to community pressure to release defendants due to familial loyalties, threat of harm, or bribes. Reports indicated that men accused of rape often claimed the victim agreed to consensual sex, leading to adultery charges against the victim, or made Prostitutes Chardara claims of marriage to the victim.

Rapes were difficult to document due to Prostitutes Chardara stigma. Male Prostitutes Chardara seldom came forward due to fear of retribution or additional exploitation by authorities, but peer sexual abuse was common. Female victims faced stringent societal reprisal, from being deemed unfit for marriage to being imprisoned or a victim of extrajudicial killing. In December President Karzai pardoned Gulnaz following international criticism and lobbying by human rights groups after she served two-and-a-half years of her sentence.

Her family refused to accept her, and in February, after 13 months in the shelter, Gulnaz bowed to social Prostitutes Chardara family pressure and married her rapist. In December police rescued a year-old girl Prostitutes Chardara Baghlan Province Prostitutes Chardara they Prostitutes Chardara her locked in a basement bathroom, having had her fingernails pulled out Prostitutes Chardara being forced into prostitution by her year-old husband and in-laws.

In March the Supreme Court overturned the three convictions in the case, remanding the cases to the Prostitutes Chardara Appellate Prostitutes Chardara for reconsideration. The Kabul Appellate Court ordered that all three defendants be released from prison.

Exceeding the quota, women held 27 percent of seats in the lower house.

The mother-in-law and father-in-law remained incarcerated while the Supreme Court reviewed that decision. The penal code criminalizes assault, and courts entered judgments against domestic abusers under this provision.

According to NGO reports, hundreds of thousands of women continued Prostitutes Chardara suffer abuse at the hands of their husbands, fathers, brothers, armed individuals, parallel legal systems, and institutions of state, such as the police and justice systems.

According to an AIHRC report on rape and honor killing, murders, assaults, and sexual violence against women commonly involved family members as suspects.

Prostitutes Chardara response to domestic violence was limited, in part due to low reporting, sympathetic attitudes toward perpetrators, and limited protection for victims. Some police and judicial officials were not aware or convinced that rape was a serious criminal offense, and investigating a rape case was generally not a priority.

Even in instances when justice officials took rape seriously, some cases reportedly did not proceed due to bribery, family or tribal pressure, or other interference during the process. The AIHRC registered more than women who had been killed by family members during and but asserted that most cases probably went Prostitutes Chardara.

The AIHRC also expressed concern that traditional and cultural violence, such as child and forced marriage, the practice of exchanging women to settle disputes baadhforced isolation, Prostitutes Chardara honor killings, continued and appeared to be on the rise. Most women did not seek legal assistance for domestic or sexual abuse because they did not know their rights or because they feared prosecution or return to their family or the perpetrator.

Women sometimes turned to shelters for assistance and sometimes practiced self-immolation, and MOWA reported that cases of suicide as a result of domestic violence continued. Space at the 29 formal and informal shelters across the country, however, Prostitutes Chardara insufficient. Adultery, fornication, and kidnapping are crimes under the law. Women often were convicted of those crimes in situations of abuse, rape, or forced marriage, or on Prostitutes Chardara basis of invalid evidence, including flawed virginity tests.

Running away is not a crime under the law. As of September 30, The records also indicated that the number of women incarcerated increased from in May to in Prostitutes Chardara. The Supreme Court acknowledged that women have a right to be free from violence in the home and indicated that women, who have left the home and approach relatives or government institutions for assistance Prostitutes Chardara violence, have not committed a crime. There were reports that some justice Prostitutes Chardara conflated running away with the intent to commit adultery and proceeded with prosecution without regard to the conditions that prompted the woman to leave her home.

In May a Human Rights Watch report stated that convictions of women for running away had decreased since In June the juvenile rehabilitation centers Prostitutes Chardara Kabul, Gardez, Prostitutes Chardara, Nangarhar, Kunduz, and Herat admitted to ordering virginity tests to be conducted on all female detainees and prisoners. The tests, conducted at hospitals by the Ministry of Public Health, involved a gynecological examination to detect the presence of the hymen.

Prostitutes Chardara tests also Prostitutes Chardara were ordered by the police, prosecutors, and courts and could be used as evidence of moral crimes if authorities desired. In June the minister of justice equated shelters to brothels during a parliamentary conference on ending violence against women; he later apologized for the remarks. One member of parliament likened the shelters to brothels, and one prominent television channel began to broadcast antishelter Prostitutes Chardara daily.

While MOWA, civil society, and the international community criticized the antishelter rhetoric, the existence and independent operation of shelters continued to be an issue under analysis.

There were reports that MOWA, as well as nongovernmental entities, sought to arrange marriages Prostitutes Chardara women who could not Prostitutes Chardara to their families. Female police officers trained to help victims of domestic violence were hindered by instructions to wait for victims to reach out.

There were female response unit investigators nationwide working out of offices, which were staffed primarily by female police officers who addressed violence and crimes against women, children, and families. Women serving in civilian and ANP positions in the Ministry of Interior offered Prostitutes Chardara and resources to prevent future domestic violence.

Portal:Current events/December - Wikipedia

A survey of married women between the ages of 20 and 24 found that 39 percent had been married before the age of Very few marriages were registered, leaving forced marriages outside legal control. There Prostitutes Chardara reports that women who sought assistance under the EVAW law in cases of forced marriage or rape were Prostitutes Chardara to virginity tests.

There were also reports that local officials imprisoned women in place of a family member Prostitutes Chardara had committed a crime but could not be located. Some women remained in detention facilities because they had run away from home to escape domestic violence or the prospect of forced marriage.

The AIHRC released its national inquiry on rape and honor killing report after a multi-year Prostitutes Chardara. The commission reported that, between March 21,and April 21,there were reported cases of honor killings and sexual assaults registered with the AIHRC. The unreported number was believed to Prostitutes Chardara much higher and to include cases of suicide and self-immolation that covered honor killings.

There were reports of summary justice by the Taliban Prostitutes Chardara other antigovernment elements resulting in extrajudicial executions. For example, a father executed his young daughter on April 22 in front of a crowd estimated at persons in Badghis Province.

Sexual Harassment : There is no law specifically prohibiting sexual harassment. In July the Ministry of Interior established a directive on sexual harassment, but it was not implemented. Women who walked outside alone or went to work often experienced abuse or harassment, including groping, or were followed on the streets in urban areas. Women who took on public roles that challenged gender stereotypes such as female lawmakers, political Prostitutes Chardara, NGO leaders, police officers, and news broadcasters continued to be intimidated by conservative elements or received death threats Prostitutes Chardara at them or their families.

NGOs reported violence against women working in the public and nonprofit sectors, including killings, and initiated awareness-raising campaigns to mobilize groups against harassment. Female members of the ANP reported harassment by their male counterparts, and there were reports of intimidation of and discrimination against female ANP members and their families in their communities.

Reproductive Prostitutes Chardara : Women generally exercised little decision-making authority Prostitutes Chardara marriage, timing and number of pregnancies, birthing practices, and child education. Prostitutes Chardara were free from Prostitutes Chardara discrimination, coercion, and violence to decide the number, spacing, and timing of their children, although family and community Prostitutes Chardara to reproduce, the high prevalence of child and early marriages, and lack of accurate biological knowledge continued to limit their ability to do so.

Women could expect to bear on average 5. Oral contraceptives, intrauterine devices, injectable contraceptives, and condoms were available commercially and were provided at Prostitutes Chardara cost in public health facilities and at subsidized rates in private health facilities and through community health workers.

According to the State of the World Population Reportthe maternal Prostitutes Chardara rate in was deaths perlive births. Although the situation improved, early marriage and pregnancy still put girls at greater risk for premature labor, complications during delivery, and death in childbirth.

Postpartum hemorrhage and obstructed labor were key causes Prostitutes Chardara maternal mortality. Only 34 percent of births were attended by a skilled health practitioner, and only 16 percent of girls and women Prostitutes Chardara the ages of Prostitutes Chardara and 49 used a modern form of contraception. Discrimination : Women who reported cases of abuse or who sought legal redress for other matters reported discrimination within the judicial system. Some observers, including female judges, asserted that discrimination was a result of faulty implementation of law and cultural nuances, rather than the law itself.

Local practices were discriminatory Prostitutes Chardara women in some areas, particularly in parts of the country where courts were not functional or knowledge of the law was minimal.

Judges in some remote districts acknowledged Prostitutes Chardara influence by tribal authorities in preempting cases from the formal justice system.

In the informal system, elders relied on interpretations of sharia and tribal Prostitutes Chardara, which generally discriminated against women. Many women reported limited access to justice in male-dominated tribal shuras, where proceedings focused on reconciliation with the community and family rather than the rights of the individual.

A UNAMA report alleged that, in spite of investigations, arrests, and the prosecutions of ALP members involved in human rights abuses, impunity for human rights abuses continued.

Women in some villages were not allowed any access to dispute resolution mechanisms. When Prostitutes Chardara authorities were aware of the EVAW law and its implementation, women were in some cases able to get appropriate assistance.

Prosecutors in Prostitutes Chardara provinces, however, continued to be reluctant to use the EVAW law and brought no charges under the law, despite their awareness of its existence. Police, prosecutors, and judges discriminated against women in criminal and civil legal proceedings stemming from violence and forced marriages.

Enhanced availability of legal aid, including through female attorneys, provided some relief in formal justice system proceedings. Cultural prohibitions on free travel and leaving Prostitutes Chardara home unaccompanied prevented many women from Prostitutes Chardara outside the home and reduced their access to education, health care, police protection, and other social services.

In June clerics in Baghlan Province issued a religious edict Prostitutes Chardara with provisions limiting the rights of women — similar Prostitutes Chardara those under the Taliban — which banned women from leaving home without a male relative, including when visiting medical clinics, and sought to shut down cosmetic shops.

The law provides for equal work without discrimination, but there Prostitutes Chardara no provisions for equal pay for equal work.

Women faced discrimination in access to employment and terms of Prostitutes Chardara. Some educated Prostitutes Chardara women found substantive work, but many were relegated to menial tasks. There were approximately 1, female police officers, constituting Prostitutes Chardara 1.

The government set having 5, female police officers by the end of the year as a goal but did not reach it. While the government made efforts to recruit additional female police officers, cultural mores and discrimination rendered recruitment and retention difficult. The Independent Administrative Reform and Civil Service Commission Gender Directorate did not successfully implement an action plan for increasing the Prostitutes Chardara of women in the civil service to 30 percent by MOWA, the primary government agency responsible for addressing gender policy and the needs of women, had offices in all provinces and established gender Prostitutes Chardara in all ministries.

Gender units were established at low ranks lacking major influence, and men typically dominated Prostitutes Chardara positions. Although MOWA provincial offices assisted hundreds of women by Prostitutes Chardara legal and family counseling and referring women, they could not directly assist relevant organizations.

The ministry and provincial line directorates continued to suffer from a lack of capacity and resources. Reports Prostitutes Chardara MOWA provincial offices, such as in Ghor, returned abused women to their families continued. The country achieved substantial improvements in health over the past decade, and public health statistics indicated a drop in maternal mortality. The overall health situation of women and children remained poor, however, particularly among nomadic and rural populations and those in insecure areas.

Similar to males, female life expectancy was 64 years of age. Rural women continued to suffer disproportionately from insufficient numbers of skilled health personnel, particularly female health workers.

Compared to men, women and children were disproportionately victims of preventable deaths due to communicable diseases. Although free Prostitutes Chardara services were provided in public facilities, many households could Prostitutes Chardara afford certain costs related to medicines or transportation to health care facilities, and many women were not permitted to travel to health care Prostitutes Chardara on their own.

Birth Registration : Citizenship is transmitted by a citizen father to his child. Birth in the country or to a citizen mother alone is not sufficient. Adoption is not legally recognized. Education : Education is Prostitutes Chardara up to the secondary level six years for primary school and three years for lower secondaryand the law provides for free education up to and including the college level.

Many children, however, did not attend school. In most regions boys and girls attended primary classes together but were separated for intermediate and secondary-level education.

Many students, however, were not enrolled full time or dropped out early. A UNESCO report estimated that boys outnumbered girls by a ratio of Prostitutes Chardara to one at the secondary level and four to one at Prostitutes Chardara tertiary level.

The status of girls Prostitutes Chardara women in education remained a matter of grave concern. Violent attacks against schoolchildren, particularly girls, also hindered access to education. Violence impeded access to education in various sections of the country, particularly in areas controlled by the Taliban. While the Ministry of Education reported an increase in attacks on education employees during the year, neither the Ministry of Public Health, the Ministry of Education, nor the Ministry of Interior reported poisoning incidents during the year.

Insecurity, conservative attitudes, and poverty denied education to millions of school-age children, mainly in the southern and southeastern provinces. There were also reports of abduction and molestation. The lack of Prostitutes Chardara, nearby schools was another factor inhibiting school attendance. Child Abuse : NGOs reported Prostitutes Chardara numbers of child abuse victims during the year, and the problem remained endemic throughout the country.

Such Prostitutes Chardara included general neglect, physical abuse, sexual abuse, abandonment, and confined forced labor to pay off family debts. There were reports that police beat and sexually abused children, including a case in which a Baghlan provincial Ministry of Interior criminal Prostitutes Chardara directorate commander was indicted after raping a year-old Prostitutes Chardara. NGOs reported a predominantly punitive and retributive approach to juvenile justice throughout the country.

Although it was against the law, corporal punishment in schools, rehabilitation centers, and other public institutions remained common.

Sexual abuse of children remained pervasive. NGOs noted that girls were abused by extended family members, while boys were more frequently abused by men outside their families. NGOs noted that Prostitutes Chardara often were complicit, allowing Prostitutes Chardara strongmen to abuse their Prostitutes Chardara in exchange for status or money. While the Ministry of Interior tracked cases of rape, most NGOs and observers estimated that the official numbers significantly underreported the phenomenon.

Many child sexual abusers were not arrested, and there were reports that security officials and those connected Prostitutes Chardara the ANP raped children with impunity. Although the practice was believed to be more widespread in conservative rural areas, at least one media report alleged that it had become common in Kabul.

Media reports also alleged that local authorities, including the police, were involved in the practice, but the government took few steps to discourage the abuse of boys or to prosecute or punish those involved. Forced and Early Marriage : Despite a law setting the legal Prostitutes Chardara age for marriage at 16 for girls and 18 for boys, international and local Prostitutes Chardara estimated that 60 percent Prostitutes Chardara girls were married before the age of During the EVAW law debate, conservative politicians publicly stated that Prostitutes Chardara was un-Islamic to ban marriages of girls younger than Under the EVAW law, those who arrange forced or underage marriages may be sentenced to imprisonment for not less than two years, but implementation of the law remained limited.

By law a marriage contract requires verification that the bride is 16 years of age, but only a small fraction of the population had birth certificates. According to local NGOs, some girls as young as six or seven were promised in marriage, with the understanding that the actual marriage would be delayed until the child reached puberty.

Reports indicated, however, that this delay was rarely observed and that young girls were sexually violated by the groom and by older men Prostitutes Chardara the family, particularly if the groom was also a child. Sexual Exploitation of Children : Although pornography is a crime, child pornography is not specifically prohibited by law. Exploiting a child for sexual purposes, as was done with bacha Prostitutes Chardara, also was widespread but not specified as a crime under the law. Street Prostitutes Chardara had little or no access to government services, although several NGOs provided access to basic needs, such as shelter and food.

Living conditions for children in orphanages were poor. Of these, 30 were privately funded orphanages and 40 were Prostitutes Chardara centers but operated by NGOs by agreement with the ministry. NGOs reported that up to 80 percent of four- to year-old children in the orphanages were Prostitutes Chardara orphans but were children whose families Prostitutes Chardara not provide food, shelter, or schooling.

Children in orphanages reported mental, physical, and sexual abuse; sometimes were Prostitutes Chardara and did not always have access to running water, winter heating, indoor plumbing, Prostitutes Chardara services, recreational facilities, or education.

The constitution prohibits any kind of discrimination against citizens and requires the state to assist persons with disabilities and to protect their rights, including the rights to health care and financial Prostitutes Chardara. The constitution also requires the state to adopt measures Prostitutes Chardara reintegrate and ensure the active participation in society of persons with disabilities.

The Law on the Rights and Benefits of Disabled Persons provides for equal rights to, and the active participation of, such persons in society.

MoLSAMD continued to implement a five-year national action plan through a memorandum of understanding with the Ministry of Information and Culture to implement public awareness programs on the rights of persons with disabilities through the national media as well as through a memorandum of understanding with the Ministry of Higher Education to provide scholarships for students with disabilities.

Updated and comprehensive data on persons with disabilities continued to be lacking. Handicap International carried out a National Disability Survey inwhich remained the most up-to-date source of information.

The survey estimated that there were betweenandpersons with disabilities in the country and that 20 percent of all households had at least one such person.

MoLSAMD and NGOs, however, estimated that in there were two million persons with disabilities in the country, 61 percent of whom were women or children.

Prostitutes Chardara 10 percent of persons with disabilities received financial support from the government.

Insecurity remained a challenge for disability programming. Insecurity in remote areas, where a disproportionate number of persons with disabilities lived, precluded delivery of assistance in some cases.

The majority of buildings Prostitutes Chardara inaccessible to those with disabilities, Prostitutes Chardara many from benefitting from education, health care, and other services. Persons with disabilities faced challenges, such as limited access to educational opportunities; an inability to access government buildings, including Kabul International Airport; a lack of economic opportunities; and social exclusion.

In the Meshrano Jirga, two Prostitutes Chardara the Prostitutes Chardara appointed seats were reserved for persons with disabilities. Societal discrimination against Shia Hazaras continued along class, race, Prostitutes Chardara religious lines in the form of extortion of money through illegal taxation, forced recruitment Prostitutes Chardara forced labor, physical abuse, and detention.

Clashes between ethnic Hazaras and nomadic Kuchi tribes continued, with Hazaras alleging that Kuchis attempted to illegally seize their lands. In Prostitutes Chardara Hazara students at Kabul University went on an eight-day hunger strike to protest alleged institutionalized ethnic discrimination and to call for the dismissal of some faculty members, including the dean.

Sikhs and Hindus continued to face discrimination, reporting unequal access to government jobs and harassment in school, as well as verbal and physical abuse in public places. In July Sikh leaders reported that their shops, properties, and houses were taken by force and that they were attacked during religious Prostitutes Chardara.

There were few reports of targeted discrimination against Ismailis a minority Shia Muslim group. The law criminalizes consensual same-sex sexual conduct, and there were reports that harassment, violence, and detentions by police increased significantly during the year. NGOs reported that police arrested, robbed, and raped gay men. The law does not prohibit discrimination or harassment on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity.

Homosexuality was widely seen as taboo and indecent. Members of Prostitutes Chardara lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender LGBT community did not have access to health services and could be fired from their jobs because of their sexual orientation. Organizations devoted to protecting the freedom of LGBT persons remained underground because they could not be legally registered. Organizations carrying out health-related Prostitutes Chardara were able to provide services to gay men but not exclusively, due to fear of community reprisals.

The law provides for the right of workers to join and form independent unions and to conduct legal strikes and bargain collectively. The law, however, provides no definition of a union or its relationship with employers and members, nor does it establish a legal method for union registration. The law does not prohibit antiunion discrimination or provide for reinstatement of workers fired for union activity.

Other than protecting Prostitutes Chardara right to participate in a union, the law provides no other legal protection for Prostitutes Chardara workers or workers seeking Prostitutes Chardara unionize. Although the Prostitutes Chardara identifies the MoLSAMD Labor High Council as the highest decision-making body on labor-related issues, no implementing regulation to establish the council has been adopted.

There was an inspection office within the ministry, but inspectors could only advise and make suggestions. As a result, labor law implementation remained limited because of a lack of central enforcement authority, implementing regulations that describe procedures and penalties Prostitutes Chardara violations, funding, personnel, and political will.

The government allowed several unions to operate without interference or political influence. Freedom of association and the right to bargain collectively were generally respected, but most workers were not aware of these rights.

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This was particularly Prostitutes Chardara of workers in rural areas or the agricultural sector, who had not formed unions. In urban areas the majority of workers participated in the informal sector as day laborers in construction, where there were neither unions nor collective bargaining.

The constitution prohibits all forms of forced or compulsory labor. Government enforcement of the law was ineffective, and the Prostitutes Chardara made minimal efforts to prevent and eliminate forced labor over the course of the year.

Forced labor occurred in practice. Men, Prostitutes Chardara, and children were forced into poppy cultivation, domestic work, carpet weaving, brick kiln work, organized begging, and drug trafficking. NGO reports Prostitutes Chardara the practice of bonded labor, whereby customs allow families to force men, women, and children to work as Prostitutes Chardara means to pay off debt or to settle grievances.

Labor violations against migrant workers were common, especially the widespread practice of bonded labor in brick kiln facilities. Children under the age of 14 are prohibited from working under any circumstance.

While the labor law prohibits the employment of children in work likely to threaten their health or cause disability, there is no list defining hazardous jobs. Generally poor institutional Prostitutes Chardara was a serious impediment to effective enforcement of the labor law, and the government made minimal efforts Prostitutes Chardara the year to prevent child labor or remove children from exploitative labor conditions.

Child labor remained a Prostitutes Chardara problem, with indications that the problem could become more widespread as families become more reliant on income produced by children as development aid drops and profit margins become lower. Child laborers worked as domestic servants, street vendors, peddlers, and shopkeepers, as well as in carpet weaving, brick making, the coal industry, and poppy harvesting. Children were also heavily employed in agriculture, mining especially family-owned gem minescommercial sexual Prostitutes Chardara see section 6, childrentransnational drug smuggling, and organized Prostitutes Chardara rings.

Some sectors of child labor exposed children to land mines. Children faced numerous health Prostitutes Chardara safety risks at work, and there were reports that Prostitutes Chardara were exposed to sexual abuse by adult workers. No specific minimum Prostitutes Chardara was set for the private sector, although the labor law states that it may not be less than the minimum wage of the government sector.

The law defines the standard workweek for both public Prostitutes Chardara and private sector Prostitutes Chardara as 40 hours: eight hours per day with one hour for lunch and noon prayers. The labor law makes no mention of day workers in the informal sector, leaving them completely unprotected.

There are no occupational health and safety regulations or officially adopted standards. The law, however, provides for reduced standard workweeks for youths, pregnant women, nursing mothers, miners, and workers in Prostitutes Chardara occupations that present health risks. The law provides workers with the right to receive wages, annual vacation time in addition to national holidays, compensation for injuries suffered in the line of work, overtime pay, health insurance for the employee and immediate family members, and other incidental allowances.

The law prohibits compulsory work and stipulates that overtime work be subject to the agreement of the employee. The law prohibits women and minors 15 to 18 years of age from engaging in physically challenging work, work that is harmful to health, and from working at night.

The law also requires employers to provide daycare and nurseries for children. The government did not effectively enforce these laws. MoLSAMD had only 20 inspectors for 34 provinces, and the inspectors had no legal authority to enter premises or impose sanctions for violations. Employers often chose not to comply Prostitutes Chardara the law or to hire workers informally.

Most employees worked longer than 40 hours per week, were underpaid, and worked Prostitutes Chardara poor conditions, particularly in Prostitutes Chardara informal sector.

Workers were generally unaware of Prostitutes Chardara full extent of their labor rights under the law. Although comprehensive data on workplace accidents were unavailable, there were several reports of poor and dangerous working conditions. For example, in September at least 27 miners were killed in a collapse in a coal mine in the northern province of Samangan. Search Input. Jump to In This Section. Bureau Prostitutes Chardara Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor.

Respect for the Integrity of the Person, Including Freedom from: a. Arbitrary or Unlawful Deprivation of Life b. Disappearance c. Arbitrary Arrest or Detention Prostitutes Chardara. Denial of Fair Public Trial f. Section 2.

Respect for Civil Liberties, Including: a. Prostitutes Chardara of Speech and Press b. Freedom of Peaceful Assembly and Association c. Freedom of Religion Prostitutes Chardara. Corruption and Lack of Transparency in Government. Section 5. Section 7.

Worker Rights a. Freedom of Association and the Right to Collective Bargaining b. Prohibition of Forced or Compulsory Labor c. Acceptable Conditions of Work.

Section 1. Arbitrary or Unlawful Deprivation of Life There were several credible reports that the government or its agents committed arbitrary or unlawful killings. Disappearance There were reports that insurgent groups were responsible for disappearances and abductions see section 1. Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Prostitutes Chardara Treatment or Punishment Although the constitution prohibits such practices, there were widespread reports Prostitutes Chardara government officials, security forces, detention center authorities, and police committed abuses.

There were reports Prostitutes Chardara torture and other abuses by the Taliban and other insurgent groups. Prison and Detention Center Conditions There were reports of harsh and sometimes life-threatening conditions and abuse in official detention centers, including rape by guards.

Arbitrary Prostitutes Chardara or Detention The law prohibits arbitrary arrest or detention, but both remained serious problems. Role of the Police and Security Apparatus Three ministries have responsibility both in law and in practice for providing security in the country.

Denial of Fair Public Trial The law provides for an independent judiciary, but the judiciary continued to be underfunded, understaffed, inadequately trained, ineffective, and subject to threats, bias, political influence, and pervasive corruption.

Trial Prostitutes Chardara Trial procedures Prostitutes Chardara met internationally accepted standards. Political Prisoners and Detainees There were no reports that the government Prostitutes Chardara political prisoners or detainees. Civil Judicial Procedures and Remedies Citizens had limited access to justice for constitutional and human rights violations, and interpretations of religious doctrine in some cases took precedence over human rights or constitutional rights.

Arbitrary Interference with Privacy, Family, Home, or Correspondence The law prohibits arbitrary interference in matters of privacy. Use of Excessive Force and Other Abuses in Internal Conflicts Continuing Prostitutes Chardara conflict resulted in civilian deaths, abductions, prisoner abuse, property damage, displacement of residents, and other abuses. Other Conflict-related Abuses The security environment continued to have a negative effect on the ability of humanitarian organizations to operate freely Prostitutes Chardara many Prostitutes Chardara of the country.

Respect for Civil Liberties, Including: Share a. Freedom of Speech and Press The constitution provides for freedom of speech and of the press, but the Prostitutes Chardara restricted these rights.

Internet Freedom There were credible reports that the government restricted access to the internet. Freedom of Association The law on political parties obliges Prostitutes Chardara to register with the Ministry of Justice and to pursue objectives consistent Prostitutes Chardara Islam.

Internally Displaced Persons IDPs Internal population movements increased, mainly triggered by military operations, as well as by natural disasters and irregular labor conditions. Protection of Refugees Access to Asylum : Laws do not provide for granting asylum or refugee status, and the government has not established a system for providing protection to refugees.

Section 3. Respect for Political Rights: The Right Prostitutes Chardara Citizens to Change Their Government Share The constitution provides citizens the Prostitutes Chardara to change their government peacefully, and citizens exercised this right in the parliamentary elections based on Prostitutes Chardara suffrage.

Disasters and accidents. Health and environment. Politics and elections. Current events of December 2, Monday. Business and economy. International relations. Current events of December 3, Tuesday. Current events of December 4, Wednesday. Current events of December 5, Thursday. Current events of December 6, Friday.

Current events of December 7, Saturday. Current events of December 8, Sunday. Current events of December 9, Monday. Science and technology. Current events of December 10, Tuesday. Current events of December Prostitutes Chardara, Wednesday.

Current events of December 12, Thursday. Armed conflict and attacks. Current events of December 13, Friday. Current events of December 14, Saturday. Current events of December 15, Sunday. Current events of December 16, Monday. Current events of December 17, Tuesday. Current events of December 18, Wednesday.

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Armed conflict and attack. Current events of December 19, Thursday. International Relations.

Current events of December 20, Friday. Current events of December 21, Saturday. Current events of December 22, Sunday.

Prostitutes Chardara, Chardara (KZ) whores: Observers reported that some prosecutors and police detained individuals without charging them for actions that were not crimes under the law, in part because the judicial system was inadequate to process detainees in a timely fashion. Street children had little or no access to government services, although several NGOs provided access to basic needs, such as shelter and food.

First	City	State	Code	Meet for sex	Quick hump	Whores
Prostitutes Chardara	Chardara	Ongtustik Qazaqstan	KZ	6293	no	no
12.07.2007	NNYX	NNYX	yes	91	yes	yes
01.01.2012	94	88	NNYX	no	NNYX	NNYX

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Kazakhstan, Ongtustik Qazaqstan, Chardara

Timezone Asia/Almaty

Chardara (Syrdarinskiy, Chardara, Shardara, Syrdar’inskiy, Shardara, Chardara, Шардара)

Population 74

Prostitutes Chardara

Chardara, Ongtustik Qazaqstan, Kazakhstan Latitude: 41.25.67.9631, Longitude: 253.152488930

Section 2. Living conditions for children in orphanages were poor. Prostitutes Chardara average continued, with reported victims during the first quarter of the year.

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When the accused is held in custody, Prostitutes Chardara primary court must render a verdict within 60 days. Local and international analysts roundly criticized the draft, arguing that Prostitutes Chardara would increase government control over media and introduce new restrictions on press freedoms, such as special courts. Freedom of Speech : Authorities used pressure, regulations, and threats to silence critics. There were 34 provincial prisons under GDPDC control, active Ministry of Prostitutes Chardara detention facilities, and 30 juvenile rehabilitation centers. Through September authorities recordednew conflict-induced displaced persons.

south of the Chardara Reservoir with the rest of fections among drug users and sex workers. female and male sex workers in Central Asia can be. The Taliban claim a roadside bomb in Char Dara District, Kunduz Province was to punish sex workers, but states that prostitution will remain illegal. continues to run a small stabilisation clinic in Chardara include prostitutes, street children, prisoners, drug addicts or the mentally ill. In some.